Potent, non-selective galanin receptor antagonist (Ki values are 1.82 and 5.1 nM at GAL1 and GAL2 respectively) that inhibits galanin (1-29) binding in rat brain in vitro (IC50 = 3 - 15 nM). Attenuates the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and blocks galanin-induced food intake in vivo. Also exhibits weak partial agonist activity at peripheral GAL2 receptors at doses > 100 nM.

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) with potent appetite-suppressing activity. Satiety factor; inhibits normal and starvation-induced feeding. Closely related to the actions of leptin and neuropeptide Y; blocks the neuropeptide Y-induced feeding response. Induces anxiety and stress behavior in rodents.

Potent galanin receptor 2/3 (GAL2/GAL3) agonist (EC50 values are 45.7 and 112.2 nM, respectively). Exhibits no significant activity at galanin receptor 1. Endogenous satiety-inducing peptide; inhibits long chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes and decreases food consumption in diet-induced obese mice and rats. Attenuates LH secretion in goldfish. Exhibits anxiolytic effects in vivo.